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		<title>Publications by F.M. Ring</title>
		<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/authors/read/14607?format=citation</link>
		<description>Publications by F.M. Ring</description>
		<language>en-ca</language>
		<pubDate>2000-08-26 00:00:00 MST</pubDate>
		<lastBuildDate>2000-08-26 00:00:00 MST</lastBuildDate>
		<webMaster>webmaster@nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca</webMaster>
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			<title>Index of plant pathogens, plant-associated microorganisms, and forest fungi of British Columbia. 1999. Fernando, A.; Ring, F.M.; Lowe, D.; Callan, B.E. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC-X-385.</title>
			<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=5237</link>
			<description>This Index was compiled from over 60 years of Canadian Forest Service records and collections, augmented with almost 400 literature records and data provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Its purpose is to collate records of fungi, plant pathogens, and plant-associated microorganisms occurring on native plants and other forest substrates in British Columbia. The Index holds records of 3506 organisms on 1703 different plant hosts and other substrates. Of these records, 4742 are verified by herbarium specimens curated at the Pacific Forestry Centre. A separate, incomplete list of organisms associated with some agricultural crops and introduced ornamental plants (included in an earlier host-fungus index but not updated) is also appended. </description>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Aug 2000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=5237</guid>
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			<title>An annotated host fungus index for Populus in British Columbia. 1994. Callan, B.E.; Ring, F.M. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. FRDA Report 222, Copublished by the BC Ministry of Forests.</title>
			<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3591</link>
			<description></description>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Aug 2000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3591</guid>
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			<title>Pinewood nematode and its wood borer vector in western hemlock. 1993. van Sickle, G.A.; Seed, J.; Ring, F.M. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. FIDS Pest Report 93-22.</title>
			<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3483</link>
			<description></description>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Aug 2000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3483</guid>
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			<title>Susceptibility of western hemlock to pinewood nematode and its wood borer vector. 1992. Ring, F.M.; White, K.; van Sickle, G.A. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. FIDS Pest Report 92-39.</title>
			<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=31649</link>
			<description></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010</pubDate>
			<guid>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=31649</guid>
		</item>
		        		<item>
			<title>Canadian conifers as hosts of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus): results of seedling inoculations. 1991. Sutherland, J.R.; Ring, F.M.; Seed, J. Scandinavian Journal of Forestry 6: 209-216.</title>
			<link>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3123</link>
			<description>Seedlings of 22 species of conifers from across Canada were inoculated with m and r form isolates of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).  In an experiment made under ambient (summer-fall) temperatures in a shadehouse at Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 8 of the 22 conifer species were killed by the nematodes, but mortality was low, i.e. 4-30%.  Pines (eastern white, Jack and red) were more susceptible than other conifers.  Yellow cypress, eastern white cedar, western red cedar and western hemlock were not killed by the nematodes.  In a second experiment made at elevated temperatures (30°C-16 h long days, 25°C-8 h long nights) in a greenhouse, 18 of the 22 conifer species died following nematode inoculation.  Again, pines (lodgepole, eastern white, western white and red) were among the most susceptible tree species and the four conifers that were unaffected in the first experiment were not killed.  Tamarack and western larch, both immune at ambient temperatures, were the two most susceptible conifers at elevated temperatures.  Compared to ambient temperatures, seedlings at elevated temperatures died quicker and contained more nematodes.  M and r form nematodes were equally pathogenic in both experiments.</description>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Aug 2000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=3123</guid>
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