Spruce budworm (non-diapause): Care instructions

The non-diapause strain of spruce budworm is shipped as first-instar larvae on artificial diet.

1. Upon receipt of the insects, turn the rearing containers upside down so that the artificial diet is at the top. The tiny larvae move up towards the light and will be able to find the food. Maintain the cups of larvae at 23°C, 60% relative humidity and a 16h:8h light:dark cycle.
2. When the artificial diet becomes dry or discoloured (after 10–12 days), transfer the larvae to fresh diet. Reduce the larval rearing density to 6 per cup when using ¾ oz (22 ml) cups of artificial diet.
3. Natural foliage may also be used for feeding, although this is not recommended because natural foliage is a potential source of microbial pathogens that may infect the insects. Washing the foliage will reduce this risk. Fill large containers with branches (e.g., balsam fir or any type of spruce) containing numerous buds that have just begun to flush with new year’s growth. Clean or change rearing containers regularly to avoid frass build-up and add fresh foliage when required. As larvae become larger, fully expanded new-year’s buds may be used and the rearing density must be reduced, as the larvae become cannibalistic.
4. Some larvae will start to pupate approximately 3 weeks after the initiation of the rearing process. Pupae should be removed from rearing containers to avoid predation and to provide adequate space for adult eclosion.
5. Adults will emerge 6–8 days after pupation and require only a daily misting of water for survival.