Canadian Forest Service links

References

Balisky, A.C., Salonius, P., Walli, C., and Brinkman, D. 1995. Seedling roots and the forest floor: misplaced and neglected aspects of British Columbia's reforestation effort? For. Chron. 71: 59-65.

Barnett, J.P., and Brissette, J.C. 1986. Producing southern pine seedlings in containers. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report, SO-59, 71 p.

Bernier, P.Y., Lamhamedi, M.S., and Simpson, D.G. 1995. Shoot:root ratio is of limited use in evaluating the quality of container conifer stock. Tree Planters' Notes 46: 102-106.

Bigras, F.J. 1998. Field performance of containerized black spruce seedlings with root systems damaged by freezing or pruning. New Forests 15: 1-9.

Burdett, A.N., Coates, H., Ermko, R., and Martin, P.A.F. 1986. Toppling in British Columbia's lodgepole pine plantations: significance, cause and prevention. For. Chron. 62: 433-439.

Caulfield, J.P., South, D.B., and Boyer, J.N. 1987. Nursery seedbed density is determined by short-term and long-term objectives. South. J. Appl. For. 11: 9-14.

Columbo, S.J., Glerum, C., and Webb, D.P. 1989. Winter hardening in first-year black spruce (Picea mariana) seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 76: 1-9.

Dobbs, R.C. 1976. Effect of initial mass of white spruce and lodgepole pine planting stock on field performance in the British Columbia interior. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep., BC-X-149, 14 p.

Endean, F., and Carlson, L.W. 1975. The effect of rooting volume on the early growth of lodgepole pine seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 5: 55-60.

Halter, M.R., Chanway, C.P., and Harper, G. J. 1993. Growth reduction and root formation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting. For. Ecol. Manage. 56: 131-146.

Jobidon, R., Charette, L., and Bernier, P.Y. 1998. Initial size and competing vegetation effects on water stress and growth of Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. seedlings planted in three different environments. For. Ecol. Manage. 103: 293-305.

Kinghorn, J.M. 1978. Minimizing potential root problems through container design. In E. van Eerden and J.M. Kinghorn. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Root Form of Planted Trees Symposium. British Columbia Ministry of Forests/ Canadian Forestry Service Joint Rep. No. 8. pp. 311-318.

Kira, T., and Shidei, T. 1967. Primary production and turnover of organic matter in different forest ecosystems of the western Pacific. Jap. J. Ecol. 17: 70-87.

Lindgren, O., and Orlander, G. 1978. A study on root development and stability of 6- to 7- year-old container plants. In E. van Eerden and J.M. Kinghorn. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Root Form of Planted Trees Symposium. British Columbia Ministry of Forests/ Canadian Forestry Service Joint Rep. No. 8. pp. 142-144.

Martinsson, O. 1986. Tap root formation and early root/shoot ratio of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris. Scand. J. For. Res. 1: 233-242.

McGilvray, J.M., and Barnett, J.P. 1982. Relating seedling morphology to field performance of containerized southern pines. In R.W. Guldin and J.P. Barnett. (Eds.) Proceedings, Southern containerized forest tree seedling conference. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report, SO-37. pp. 39-46.

McMinn, R.G. 1982. Size of container-grown seedlings should be matched to site conditions. In J.B. Scarrat, C. Glerum, and C.A. Plexman. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Canadian Containerized Tree Seedling Symposium. Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, COJFRC Symposium Proceedings O-P-10. pp. 307-312.

Methven, I.R. 1983. Tree biomass for young plantation growth of red pine (Pinus resinosa) in the Maritimes Lowland ecoregion. Canadian Forest Service, Information Report M-X-147. 15 p.

Newton, M., Cole, E.C., and White, D.E. 1993. Tall planting stock for enhanced growth and domination of brush in the Douglas-fir region. New Forests 7: 107-121.

Philipson, J.J. 1987. Root growth in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir transplants: dependence on the shoot and stored carbohydrates. Tree Physiology 4: 101-108.

Ruehle, J.L. 1982. Field performance of container-grown loblolly pine seedlings with specific ectomycorrhizae on a reforestation site in South Carolina. South. J. Appl. For. 6: 30-33.

Salonius, P., Beaton, K., and Roze, B. 2000. Effects of cell size and spacing on root density and field performance of container-reared black spruce. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. M-X-208.

Selby, C., and Seaby, D.A. 1982. The effect of auxins on Pinus contorta seedling root development. Forestry 55: 125-135.

Simpson, D. 1991. Growing density and container volume affect nursery and field growth of interior spruce seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 8: 160-165.

South, D.B., and Mason, W.L. 1993. Influence of differences in planting stock size on early height growth of Sitka spruce. Forestry 66: 83-96.

Sutherland, C., and Newsome, T. 1988. Field performance of five interior spruce stock types with and without fertilization at the time of planting. In T. Landis, (Technical coordinator). Proceedings, Combined Meeting of the Western Nursery Associations. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-167. pp. 195-198.

Timmis, R., and Tanaka, Y. 1976. Effects of container density and plant water stress on growth and cold hardiness of Douglas-fir seedlings. For. Sci. 22: 167-172.

van den Driessche, R. 1982. Relationship between spacing and nitrogen fertilization of seedlings in the nursery, seedling size, and outplanting performance. Can. J. For. Res. 12: 865-875.

Wagner, R.G., Peterson, T.D., Ross, D.W., and Radosevich, S. 1989. Competition thresholds for survival and growth of ponderosa pine seedlings associated with woody and herbaceous vegetation. New Forests 3: 151-170.

Walker, N.R., and Johnson, H.J. 1980. Containerized conifer seedling performance in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Canadian Forest Service, Information Report NOR-X-218, 32 p.